![]() ![]() The list of Semitic consonants was adapted to the needs of Greek phonology, but the major innovation was the use of five letters with the value of vowels-α ( a), ε ( e), ι ( i), ο ( o), υ ( u). The Phoenician alphabet had separate signs for the Semitic consonants, but the vowels were left unexpressed. In the 8th century at the latest but probably much earlier, the Greeks borrowed their alphabet from the Phoenicians in the framework of their commercial contacts. For a few centuries the Greeks seem to have been illiterate. The Mycenaean script dropped out of use in the 12th century when the Mycenaean palaces were destroyed, perhaps in connection with the Dorian invasions. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions. ![]() Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Representative democracy is a government in which citizens vote for representatives who create and change laws that govern the people rather than getting to vote directly on the laws themselves. The United States has a representative democracy. This form of government is called direct democracy. To vote, citizens had to attend the assembly on the day the vote took place. When a new law was proposed, all the citizens of Athens had the opportunity to vote on it. During that year, they were responsible for making new laws and controlled all parts of the political process. Those 500 citizens had to actively serve in the government for one year. Women, children, and slaves were not considered citizens and therefore could not vote.Įach year 500 names were chosen from all the citizens of ancient Athens. The Athenian definition of “citizens” was also different from modern-day citizens: only free men were considered citizens in Athens. If they did not fulfill their duty they would be fined and sometimes marked with red paint. ![]() ![]() The Greek idea of democracy was different from present-day democracy because, in Athens, all adult citizens were required to take an active part in the government. Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century B.C.E. The first known democracy in the world was in Athens. Thus, a key part of democracy is that the people have a voice. In addition, it supports the idea that the people can replace their government through peaceful transfers of power rather than violent uprising or revolution. Democracy is the idea that the citizens of a country should take an active role in the government of their country and manage it directly or through elected representatives. The word “democracy” comes from two Greek words that mean people ( demos) and rule ( kratos). The ancient Greeks were the first to create a democracy. ![]()
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